Bakuri Inc. and Dr.AISEO Inc. asked ChatGPT and Gemini 403 questions about aesthetic medicine, three times each, and tallied the websites cited as the basis for their answers. The findings were published on PR TIMES on October 9, 2026.
Grouped by site type, the most-cited sources on both AIs were clinics' official websites (68% on ChatGPT, 75% on Gemini). Second place differed by AI: public institutions and medical societies on ChatGPT (21%), and comparison media on Gemini (11%).
| Rank | ChatGPT | Gemini |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | Official clinic websites 68% | Official clinic websites 75% |
| 2nd | Public institutions & medical societies 21% | Comparison media 11% |
| 3rd | Review & booking portals 8% | Review & booking portals 10% |
| 4th | Comparison media 2% | Public institutions & medical societies 2% |
For questions such as "Which clinic do you recommend?", 77% of ChatGPT's citations came from clinic websites. When asked how to choose a clinic, however, 88% of its citations shifted to sources such as Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan, and medical societies, and the same happened for 82% of citations on questions about problems and complications. Gemini, by contrast, still cited clinic websites for 77% of "how to choose" questions and 68% of "problems" questions.
62% of the pages ChatGPT cited were core clinic pages such as treatment menus, doctor profiles, and pricing, while columns and explainer articles accounted for just 4%. On Gemini, columns and explainer articles made up 25% of cited pages, and recommendation and comparison articles another 17%.
Comparing the top 20 most-cited sites, only 7 were shared by both AIs. 561 identical URLs were cited by both, just 20% of the URLs ChatGPT cited. Being cited by one AI does not mean you are cited by the other.
Only 4% of pages on ChatGPT and 16% on Gemini were cited in all three runs of the same question. Even at the site level, just 33% of sites on ChatGPT and 41% on Gemini were cited two or more times for the same question. A single check is not enough to tell whether you are being cited.
For questions without a location, review and booking portals and comparison media together accounted for 7% of citations on ChatGPT and 17% on Gemini. Adding a location, as in "in Shinjuku," raised that share to an average of 18% on ChatGPT and 42% on Gemini.
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Study title | What Sets the Aesthetic Clinics AI Chooses Apart? (ChatGPT & Gemini AIO / AISEO Domain Research: Aesthetic Medicine Edition) (AIに選ばれる美容クリニックは何が違う？ ChatGPT・Gemini AIO / AISEO ドメインリサーチ 美容医療業界編) |
| AI platforms | ChatGPT, Gemini |
| Measurement date | October 2, 2026 |
| Questions | 403 (asked three times on each AI, 2,418 answers in total) |
| Total citations | ChatGPT 5,113; Gemini 13,894 |
| Domains detected | ChatGPT 737; Gemini 1,361 (1,657 in total) |
| Method | Cited URLs classified by site type and page type |
| Conducted by | Bakuri Inc., Dr.AISEO Inc. |
The full research report (57 pages), including a ranking of all 1,657 cited domains, a list of the top 20 sites, and all 403 questions used in the study, is available free of charge on Bakuri Inc.'s website (in Japanese).
View the research report (57 pages, Japanese) → Read the press release on PR TIMES (Japanese) →FREE TRIAL
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